Isaiah 65:11 (King James Version)
But ye are they that forsake the Lord, that forget my holy mountain, that prepare a table for that troop, and that furnish the drink offering unto that number.
Isaiah 65:11 (New International Version)
“But as for you who forsake the Lord and forget my holy mountain, who spread a table for Fortune and fill bowls of mixed wine for Destiny,
| “ | But | as | for | you | who | forsake | the | Lord | |||||||||||||
| 1 וְ | → | → | 2 אַתֶּם֙ | → | 3 עֹזְבֵ֣י | → | 4 יְהוָ֔ה | ||||||||||||||
| w | ʾattem | ʿōzəbê | yhwh |
| and | forget | • | my | holy | mountain | , | |||||||
| • | 5 הַ6 שְּׁכֵחִ֖ים | 7 אֶת | 10 י | 9 קָדְשִׁ֑ | 8 הַ֣ר | ||||||||
| ha šəkēḥîm | ʾet | y | qodši | har |
| who | spread | a | table | for | Fortune | |||||||
| 11 הַֽ | 12 עֹרְכִ֤ים | → | 16 שֻׁלְחָ֔ן | 13 ל | 14 ַ15 גַּד֙ | |||||||
| ha | ʿōrəkîm | šulḥān | l | a gad |
| and | fill | bowls | of | mixed | wine | for | Destiny | , | |||||||||
| 17 וְ | 18 הַֽ19 מְמַלְאִ֖ים | → | → | → | 23 מִמְסָֽךְ | 20 ל | 21 ַ22 מְנִ֥י | ||||||||||
| w | ha məmalʾîm | mimsāk | l | a mənî |
Isaiah 65:11 demonstrates how the KJV’s rendering of “troop” and “number” obscures what the Hebrew text explicitly identifies as Gad and Meni—pagan deities—leaving readers confused about the passage’s actual meaning.[1] The theological significance of this mistranslation extends far beyond mere word choice.
The Deities Behind the Names
Gad and Meni were Babylonian or Syrian gods—of fortune and of destiny, respectively.[1] Meni’s name means “allotment, portion, fate,” while Gad means “fortune,”[2] and the general scholarly view treats fortune as an object of idolatrous worship in this passage.[3] These were not abstract concepts but recognized deities worshiped by Israel’s neighbors and, shamefully, by apostate Israelites themselves.
The Ritualistic Offense
The passage describes Israel preparing a sacrificial meal and making a drink offering to these entities[1]—a formal act of religious devotion. By translating the divine names as vague common nouns, the KJV transforms Isaiah’s scathing denunciation of polytheistic apostasy into cryptic references that obscure the actual transgression. Isaiah upbraids the people for engaging in idolatrous worship of Gad and Meni—a fairly long way from “that troop” and “that number.”[1]
The Loss of Theological Force
The KJV’s rendering strips away the passage’s prophetic power. Isaiah condemns Israel’s abandonment of covenant loyalty for foreign gods, yet readers encounter only mysterious references to unnamed entities. Unless readers happened to have the 1611 marginal reading that indicated the original Hebrew terms translated number and troop were Gad and Meni,[1] the full weight of the indictment remains hidden. Modern scholarship’s expanded knowledge of ancient Near Eastern religion has made clear what the KJV obscured: Israel was engaging in deliberate, organized idolatry—not vague spiritual confusion.
[2] Tremper Longman III, Peter Enns, and Mark Strauss, eds., in The Baker Illustrated Bible Dictionary (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 2013), 1129.
[3] John M’Clintock and James Strong, “Gad,” in Cyclopædia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature (New York: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, 1891), 3:705.
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