Three infallable and inerrant popes in Bible-Presbyterian Church

The Roman Catholic Church teaches that papal infallibility applies only when the pope speaks “ex cathedra”—that is, when exercising his office as shepherd and teacher of all Christians with supreme apostolic authority, defining a doctrine concerning faith or morals for the whole church. This is a narrow, specific condition, not a blanket claim about all papal statements or actions.

Infallibility operates under four conditions, the first being that the pope defines a universal doctrine concerning faith or morals—so infallibility applies to issues like the fate of the wicked in hell and homosexuality, but not to matters like evolutionary theory or economic systems. Second, the pope must speak from the chair of Peter with supreme authority as the vicar of Christ. Third, infallibility is an ability the pope possesses through God’s assistance, which Christ promised to Peter and his successors. Fourth, papal pronouncements don’t require church approval and cannot be altered.

The practical scope is remarkably small. Since Vatican Council I declared this doctrine in 1870, popes have made only one “ex cathedra” pronouncement: Pope Pius XII’s 1950 declaration of the bodily assumption of Mary. Individual popes remain fallible in their personal beliefs, pastoral letters, and most official statements. The doctrine protects only solemn, formally defined doctrinal declarations on faith and morals—a category so restrictive that it has been invoked essentially once in over 150 years.

We have three infallable and inerrant popes in Bible-Presbyterian Church, if you know their names, please type in the comment below.