Responding to articles posted on https://www.truthbpc.com/v4/main.php?menu=resources&page=resources/vpp_toc

Critical Analysis of Verbal Plenary Preservation (VPP) Doctrine: A Theological Examination

Executive Summary

The documents presented advocate for a doctrine called "Verbal Plenary Preservation" (VPP), which claims that God has perfectly preserved every word, letter, and syllable of Scripture in specific Hebrew and Greek texts underlying the King James Version. This analysis identifies serious theological, logical, and historical errors in this position, demonstrates how it ironically mirrors errors found in Roman Catholic approaches to Scripture and tradition, and offers a biblical framework for understanding preservation.

I. INTRODUCTION

The VPP position, as articulated in these documents from Truth Bible-Presbyterian Church and Far Eastern Bible College (Singapore), represents a relatively recent theological development (post-1990s) that claims ancient pedigree. While affirming biblical inerrancy and the importance of faithful translation, the VPP doctrine makes several claims that warrant careful examination:

1. Core VPP Claims:
   • God has preserved every jot and tittle of Scripture without any loss
   • These perfectly preserved words are found exclusively in the Masoretic Text (Ben Chayyim edition) and the Textus Receptus
   • The KJV is the best and most faithful English translation
   • Any acknowledgment of textual variants or copying errors denies God's preservation
   • Other textual traditions (Alexandrian, Septuagint, etc.) are "corrupt"

II. CRITICAL ERRORS IN VPP THEOLOGY

A. Fundamental Logical and Theological Errors

1. Conflation of Inspiration with Preservation

The Error: VPP proponents argue that denying verbal plenary preservation is equivalent to denying verbal plenary inspiration. They state: "If there is no preserved Word of God today then the work of Divine Revelation and Divine Inspiration has perished."

The Problem: This commits a category error. Inspiration refers to God's initial giving of Scripture; preservation refers to its transmission. The Bible explicitly claims inspiration (2 Timothy 3:16) but nowhere promises preservation in the mechanical, letter-perfect manner VPP claims.

Biblical Response: God's preservation works through the multiplicity of manuscripts, not the perfection of any single textual family. Like how God preserved the gospel message through four different Gospels (with their harmonizable differences), He preserved His Word through diverse manuscript traditions that together witness to the original text.

2. Circular Reasoning on Textual Identification

The Error: The documents claim: "The infallible and inerrant words of Scripture are found in the faithfully preserved Traditional/Byzantine/Majority manuscripts... fully represented in the Printed and Received Text (or Textus Receptus)."

The Problem: How do we know these manuscripts are "faithfully preserved"? Because they're the ones we believe God preserved. How do we know God preserved these specific ones? Because they're the faithful ones. This is pure circular reasoning.

The Deeper Issue: VPP offers no objective criterion for identifying the "preserved" text apart from a priori assumptions. They essentially argue:

• Premise: God preserved His Word perfectly
• Premise: We have God's perfectly preserved Word
• Conclusion: Therefore, the texts we identify must be God's perfectly preserved Word

This is a logical fallacy. The proper reasoning would acknowledge that God's preservation guarantee doesn't require us to identify a single perfect textual tradition.

3. Misuse of Scripture

Psalm 12:6-7: VPP's primary proof text is fundamentally misinterpreted.

The text reads: "The words of the LORD are pure words: as silver tried in a furnace of earth, purified seven times. Thou shalt keep them, O LORD, thou shalt preserve them from this generation for ever."

VPP Interpretation: "Them" refers to God's words being preserved perfectly.

Actual Context: Even VPP proponents admit the Hebrew pronoun could refer to people. The context (Psalm 12:1-5) is about God protecting the godly from the wicked generation. Verse 7 most naturally refers to God preserving His people (the "poor" and "needy" of verse 5), not manuscript transmission.

Matthew 5:18: "Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled."

VPP Interpretation: This promises perfect manuscript preservation.

Actual Meaning: Jesus is affirming that the Law's authority and prophetic fulfillment are secure, not making claims about manuscript transmission. The phrase "till all be fulfilled" points to prophetic accomplishment, not textual transmission.

Matthew 24:35: "Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away."

VPP Interpretation: This guarantees perfect textual preservation.

Actual Meaning: In context, Jesus is affirming the certainty of His prophetic words about the coming judgment. This is about the reliability and authority of His message, not a promise about manuscript copying.

4. False Dilemma Fallacy

The Error: VPP repeatedly presents a false choice:

• Either we have a perfectly preserved Bible without any textual variants, OR
• We have an unreliable Bible full of errors and cannot know God's Word

From the documents: "If we adopt a non-VPP position, then Christianity is no longer true, and Christians shall become the laughing stock of the religious world."

The Problem: This ignores the actual situation: We have thousands of manuscripts with minor variants that through careful comparison allow us to reconstruct the original text with extraordinary confidence. The existence of variant readings doesn't mean uncertainty about the text; it means we have abundant evidence to work with.

Example: No cardinal Christian doctrine depends on a disputed textual variant. The deity of Christ, the Trinity, the atonement, justification by faith, the resurrection—all are abundantly supported across all textual traditions.

B. Historical Errors

1. Misrepresentation of Church History

The Error: VPP claims this was always the church's position and that the Westminster Confession of Faith (1646) taught VPP.

The Reality:

• The Westminster divines did NOT teach that one specific textual tradition was perfectly preserved
• They affirmed providential preservation through the availability of Scripture in the original languages, not perfection of any one manuscript tradition
• They used multiple manuscripts and acknowledged variations
• The phrase "kept pure in all ages" refers to substantial preservation of the text, not the absence of any copying variations

Quote from WCF I.VIII: "The Old Testament in Hebrew... and the New Testament in Greek... being immediately inspired by God, and, by His singular care and providence, kept pure in all ages, are therefore authentical."

What VPP reads into this: A specific Hebrew text (Ben Chayyim) and Greek text (Textus Receptus) are perfectly preserved.

What it actually says: The Scriptures in the original languages (Hebrew OT, Greek NT) have been kept substantially pure and remain authoritative. The Confession says nothing about specific manuscript families or the absence of variants.

2. Misrepresentation of the Textus Receptus

The Error: VPP treats "the Textus Receptus" as if it were a single, monolithic text that has existed unchanged since the apostles.

The Reality:

• "Textus Receptus" is a marketing name given to various printed Greek texts from the 16th-17th centuries
• Erasmus's first edition (1516) was based on only 6 late manuscripts, the latest being from the 12th century
• Erasmus admitted his text was "rushed" (praecipitatum)
• Different editions of the TR contain thousands of differences from each other
• For Revelation 22:16-21, Erasmus had no Greek manuscript, so he back-translated from the Latin Vulgate into Greek
• Stephanus (1550), Beza (1598), Elzevir (1633), and Scrivener (1881) all produced different "Textus Receptus" editions

Which TR is the preserved one? VPP has no answer. They say "the words underlying the KJV" but this is circular—the KJV itself reflects multiple textual decisions and in some places follows readings found in no Greek manuscript.

3. Misrepresentation of the Reformation

The Error: VPP claims the Reformers held to their position and that the KJV represents Reformation Christianity at its finest.

The Reality:

• Martin Luther preferred the Septuagint for the Old Testament in some readings
• John Calvin acknowledged textual difficulties and variants in his commentaries
• The Reformers practiced textual criticism and compared manuscripts
• Theodore Beza, one of VPP's heroes, made textual decisions based on comparing manuscripts
• The principle was Sola Scriptura (Scripture alone), not Sola Textus Receptus

C. Exegetical Errors

1. The Case of 2 Chronicles 22:2

The Text: All Hebrew manuscripts read "forty-two" for Ahaziah's age when he began to reign. 2 Kings 8:26 says he was twenty-two.

VPP Position: We must accept "forty-two" because every Hebrew manuscript says so. Any appeal to "twenty-two" based on other verses or versions is correcting Scripture with human reasoning.

The Problems with VPP's Approach:

a) Mathematical impossibility: If Ahaziah was 42 when he began to reign, he would be older than his father Jehoram, who died at age 40 (2 Chronicles 21:20). This is biologically impossible.

b) Internal biblical evidence: 2 Kings 8:26 clearly states "twenty-two" in the parallel account.

c) The actual issue: This is almost certainly a scribal error in transmission (the Hebrew letters for 20 and 40 are similar: כ "kaf" vs מ "mem"). The number "22" appears in some Septuagint and Syriac manuscripts.

The irony: VPP's insistence on "forty-two" because "every Hebrew manuscript" says so actually makes Scripture contradict itself and contain a factual impossibility. True biblical inerrancy applies to the original autographs, not to every copy.

Better approach: Acknowledge this as a copyist error in transmission (not in the original autograph) and recognize that 2 Kings 8:26 preserves the correct reading. This actually demonstrates God's providential preservation—the correct reading was preserved in the parallel passage.

2. The Case of 1 Samuel 13:1

The Hebrew text: "Ben-shanah Shaoul" (literally: "Saul was a son of a year")

The Problem: This makes no sense. Saul was obviously not one year old when he became king.

VPP's strained explanation: They claim this means "Saul had now reigned one year" or "Saul was a year old into his reign."

The actual issue: The Hebrew text is clearly defective. Something has been lost in transmission. Most likely it originally read something like "Saul was [thirty] years old when he began to reign, and he reigned [forty]-two years over Israel" (similar to the formula used for other kings).

Evidence:

• Acts 13:21 says Saul reigned 40 years
• The Hebrew text as it stands is grammatically incomplete
• Ancient versions struggled with this text

VPP's error: They force the text to say something it doesn't say rather than acknowledge a transmission issue. The proper response is to acknowledge that while the autograph was perfect, this particular copy has suffered loss in transmission.

D. Methodological Errors

1. Inconsistent Application of Their Own Principles

Contradiction #1: VPP claims the Hebrew and Greek texts underlying the KJV are perfectly preserved, yet they acknowledge the KJV translators sometimes made translation decisions where the textual evidence was ambiguous. If the text was perfectly preserved and clear, why would translators face difficult decisions?

Contradiction #2: VPP uses 1 John 5:7 as a proof text for the Trinity, yet this verse:

• Appears in only 4 late Greek manuscripts
• Was not in Erasmus's first two editions of the TR
• Was added under political pressure from the Catholic Church
• Is absent from all early church fathers who wrote extensively on the Trinity

If VPP's principle is "majority of manuscripts," 1 John 5:7 fails. If their principle is "it's in the TR," that's circular.

Contradiction #3: VPP condemns using the Septuagint to correct the Hebrew text, yet:

• The New Testament frequently quotes the Septuagint, even where it differs from the Hebrew
• Jesus and the apostles used the Septuagint
• If the Septuagint is so corrupt, why did the Holy Spirit inspire NT authors to quote it?

2. Selective Use of Evidence

VPP dismisses:

• Early papyri that sometimes agree with Alexandrian readings
• Church father quotations that support non-Byzantine readings
• Ancient versions that preserve different readings
• Internal evidence (grammar, context, theology) that might favor a different reading

They accept only evidence that supports their predetermined conclusion that the Byzantine/TR tradition is perfect.

E. Theological Errors

1. Functional Denial of the Sufficiency of Scripture

The Error: VPP argues that without their specific identification of preserved texts, Christians cannot have confidence in God's Word.

The Problem: This actually undermines sola scriptura by making an extra-biblical doctrine (VPP's specific identifications) necessary for faith. Scripture nowhere teaches VPP's theory of preservation.

Biblical Response: Scripture is sufficient because:

• God's truth is clearly revealed in the manuscripts we possess
• The Holy Spirit illuminates Scripture for believers
• No doctrine rests on disputed variants
• Textual criticism is simply the science of comparing manuscripts—something Christians have always done

2. Near-Cultic Devotion to the KJV

The Error: While claiming they don't believe in "KJV-Only-ism," VPP functionally teaches it by:

• Calling the KJV "the very Word of God"
• Suggesting other translations are unreliable or corrupt
• Warning against using modern translations
• Creating a separation test over Bible versions

The Problem: This elevates a translation to the level of inspiration and creates divisions in the body of Christ over non-essential issues.

Quote from documents: "The KJV remains the best, most faithful, reliable, accurate, trustworthy, beautiful English Bible we have today."

While the KJV is indeed a excellent translation, this language borders on idolatry of a translation.

3. Misunderstanding of God's Providence

The Error: VPP confuses God's sovereign control (providence) with mechanical perfection of transmission.

Biblical Examples of God's Providence NOT Requiring Perfection:

• God preserved His people Israel, yet they often fell into sin and idolatry
• God preserves His church, yet local churches fail and false teachers arise
• God preserves believers, yet we still sin

The Point: God's preservation doesn't require perfection of process, but guarantees ultimate fulfillment of purpose.

Applied to Scripture: God's preservation means His Word has been sufficiently maintained throughout history so that its message remains clear and authoritative. It doesn't require that every copy be perfect or that one textual tradition be error-free.

III. COMPARISON WITH ROMAN CATHOLIC ERRORS

Ironically, VPP's errors mirror those of Roman Catholicism in several striking ways:

A. Adding to Scripture's Claims About Itself

Roman Catholicism: Claims tradition has equal authority with Scripture, though Scripture doesn't teach this.

VPP: Claims God promised perfect preservation of every letter through one textual tradition, though Scripture doesn't teach this.

B. Creating an Infallible Authority Outside Scripture

Roman Catholicism: The Magisterium infallibly interprets Scripture.

VPP: Their identification of the "preserved texts" becomes functionally infallible and unquestionable.

C. Circular Reasoning

Roman Catholicism: "How do you know the Catholic Church is right? Because the Church says so, and the Church is infallible."

VPP: "How do you know these texts are preserved? Because they're the ones God preserved. How do you know? Because we've identified them as such."

D. Anathematizing Those Who Disagree

Roman Catholicism: Declares anathema on those who reject Catholic dogma.

VPP: Calls non-VPP positions "heretical," "satanic," and grounds for church discipline.

Quote from documents: "If we reject the doctrine of VPP, we effectively reject the faithful KJB as well."

E. Making Salvation Dependent on Non-Essential Doctrines

Roman Catholicism: Requires submission to the Pope for salvation.

VPP: While not explicitly saying it, VPP rhetoric suggests that denying their position undermines Christianity itself.

Quote: "If we adopt a non-VPP position, then Christianity is no longer true."

F. Priority of Tradition Over Evidence

Roman Catholicism: Maintains doctrines (Marian dogmas, purgatory) despite lack of biblical support because of tradition.

VPP: Maintains their textual positions despite manuscript evidence because of their tradition that these texts are "received."

G. Fear-Based Rhetoric

Roman Catholicism: "Outside the Church there is no salvation."

VPP: "Without VPP, you cannot be certain you have God's Word."

IV. WHICH IS WORSE: ROMAN CATHOLICISM OR VPP?

This is a provocative question, but examining it reveals important truths:

Areas Where VPP's Errors Are More Serious:

1. Internal Inconsistency

Roman Catholicism is at least internally consistent in its epistemology—it openly claims an infallible Magisterium to interpret Scripture and tradition.

VPP claims to hold sola scriptura yet adds an extra-biblical doctrine that Scripture nowhere teaches and makes it a test of orthodoxy.

2. Practical Impact on Bible Confidence

Roman Catholicism at least affirms that we can know God's Word with certainty (even if they wrongly add tradition to it).

VPP creates unnecessary doubt by:

• Making Bible confidence dependent on accepting their specific textual identifications
• Suggesting that acknowledging copyist errors means we "don't have God's Word"
• Teaching laypeople to fear textual criticism and scholarly study
• Creating a generation of believers who think faith requires denying manuscript evidence

3. Divisiveness

Roman Catholicism divides Catholics from Protestants over major doctrinal issues (justification, sacraments, authority).

VPP divides Bible-believing evangelicals from each other over textual theories and Bible translations—a far less essential issue.

Areas Where Roman Catholicism's Errors Are More Serious:

1. Gospel Implications

Roman Catholicism's errors directly impact the gospel (works righteousness, sacramental salvation, purgatory).

VPP's errors, while serious, don't directly affect the gospel message itself.

2. Scope of Error

Roman Catholicism adds entire books (Apocrypha), doctrines (Marian dogmas, papal infallibility), and practices (indulgences, penance) without biblical warrant.

VPP's errors are confined to bibliology and textual theory.

3. Historical Track Record

Roman Catholicism historically suppressed Bible translation and access to Scripture.

VPP, despite its errors, at least promotes Bible reading (even if only one version).

The Verdict:

Both positions contain serious errors, but in different categories:

Roman Catholicism errs more seriously in:

• Soteriology (how we're saved)
• Authority (adding tradition to Scripture)
• Practice (sacramentalism)

VPP errs more seriously in:

• Epistemology (how we know what Scripture says)
• Methodology (rejecting evidence-based textual study)
• Causing unnecessary division among Bible-believers

The ironic tragedy: VPP was developed to combat liberalism and defend the Bible, but it actually:

• Undermines confidence in Scripture by making it dependent on their theories
• Mirrors Roman Catholic errors in authority and tradition
• Creates the very uncertainty it claims to prevent

V. A BIBLICAL FRAMEWORK FOR PRESERVATION

Having identified VPP's errors, what is the biblical view of preservation?

A. What Scripture Actually Teaches

1. God's Word Is Eternal and Authoritative

• Isaiah 40:8: "The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: but the word of our God shall stand for ever."
• Matthew 24:35: "Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away."
• 1 Peter 1:25: "But the word of the Lord endureth for ever."

What this means: God's revelation and its authority are permanent. His truth will not fail.

What this doesn't mean: Every copy of every manuscript will be perfect or that one textual family is error-free.

2. God Works Through Ordinary Means

God's providence typically works through natural processes:

• He preserves the church through ordinary believers, not a perfect institution
• He preserves His people through sanctification, not instant perfection
• He grows crops through rain and sun, not continuous miracles

Applied to Scripture: God preserved His Word through:

• Multiple manuscript traditions that cross-check each other
• The church's recognition of canonical books
• The work of faithful copyists (despite occasional errors)
• The science of textual criticism that compares manuscripts

3. Substantial, Not Mechanical, Preservation

The Biblical Promise: God has ensured that His Word has been sufficiently preserved so that:

• We can know His truth with certainty
• No essential doctrine is uncertain
• The original text can be reconstructed with high confidence
• His Word remains authoritative and powerful

What God Didn't Promise:

• That every copy would be perfect
• That one textual tradition would be error-free
• That we wouldn't need to compare manuscripts
• That textual study is unnecessary or unspiritual

B. The Evidence of Preservation

1. The Abundance of Manuscripts

For the New Testament alone:

• Over 5,800 Greek manuscripts
• Over 10,000 Latin manuscripts
• Thousands more in other languages
• Early church father quotations

Comparison:

• Homer's Iliad (most attested ancient work after NT): 643 manuscripts
• Caesar's Gallic Wars: 10 manuscripts
• Plato's works: 7 manuscripts

The Point: The abundance of manuscripts provides tremendous cross-checking ability. Variants exist not because the text is unreliable, but because we have so much evidence.

2. The Early Date of Manuscripts

• P52 (John fragment): c. AD 125 (within 25-30 years of original)
• P46 (Paul's letters): c. AD 200
• P66, P75 (John): c. AD 200
• Chester Beatty Papyri: 3rd century
• Major uncials: 4th-5th centuries

Comparison:

• Earliest Homer manuscript: 400 years after composition
• Earliest Plato: 1,300 years after composition
• Earliest Caesar: 1,000 years after composition

3. The Agreement of Manuscripts

Despite variants, the manuscripts show remarkable agreement:

• 99% of the NT text is certain
• Most variants are spelling differences
• No variant affects any major doctrine
• The variations actually help us identify the original text

Textual critic Westcott (not a conservative): "The proportion of words virtually accepted on all hands as raised above doubt is very great, not less, on a rough computation, than seven-eighths of the whole."

Textual critic Hort: "The amount of what can in any sense be called substantial variation is but a small fraction of the whole residuary variation, and can hardly form more than a thousandth part of the entire text."

C. A Proper View of Textual Criticism

1. What Textual Criticism Is

Textual criticism is simply the science of comparing manuscripts to determine the original reading where variants exist. It's what:

• Church fathers did
• The Reformers did
• The KJV translators did
• Every Bible translator must do

It's not:

• A "liberal" methodology
• An attack on Scripture
• A sign of unbelief
• Optional for those with "faith"

2. Principles of Sound Textual Criticism

External Evidence:

• Earlier manuscripts are generally preferable
• Manuscripts from diverse geographical areas that agree carry weight
• The majority of manuscripts usually preserves the original

Internal Evidence:

• The more difficult reading is often original (scribes simplified, not complicated)
• The shorter reading is often original (scribes added, rarely deleted)
• The reading that best explains the others is likely original
• The reading that fits the author's style and theology is preferable

Example: Mark 1:2

• Some manuscripts read "in the prophets"
• Some read "in Isaiah the prophet"

Textual decision: "In Isaiah the prophet" is original because:

• It's the harder reading (the quote is from both Malachi and Isaiah)
• It better explains why a scribe would change it to "the prophets" (to avoid apparent error)
• It fits Mark's bold, direct style

This is how textual criticism works—carefully, reverently, seeking God's original words.

VI. PASTORAL IMPLICATIONS AND HOW TO OVERCOME VPP ERRORS

A. The Damage VPP Causes

1. To Individual Believers

• Creates unnecessary doubt: "If there are variants, maybe I don't have God's Word."
• Promotes intellectual dishonesty: Forces believers to deny evidence they can see with their own eyes
• Stunts spiritual growth: Makes Bible version a litmus test for spirituality
• Breeds fear: Fear of scholarship, fear of asking questions, fear of examining evidence

2. To the Church

• Causes division: Separates believers over non-essentials
• Distracts from mission: Energy spent on Bible version debates instead of evangelism and discipleship
• Damages credibility: Makes Christianity appear anti-intellectual
• Weakens apologetics: Unbelievers correctly point out VPP's logical fallacies

3. To Christian Scholarship

• Discourages faithful study: Young scholars are told textual study is unspiritual
• Promotes ignorance: Complex manuscript issues are dismissed with simplistic slogans
• Limits usefulness: Scholars trained in VPP institutions lack basic textual knowledge

B. How to Overcome These Errors

1. For Those Trapped in VPP Thinking

Step 1: Examine the Logical Fallacies

• Recognize the circular reasoning: "These texts are preserved because we say they're preserved."
• See the false dilemma: It's not "perfect preservation or no Word of God."
• Understand that acknowledging copyist errors is not denying inerrancy.

Step 2: Study What Scripture Actually Says

• Read Psalm 12, Matthew 5:18, and Matthew 24:35 in context
• Notice Scripture never promises mechanical perfection of every copy
• Recognize that biblical inerrancy applies to autographs, not copies

Step 3: Examine the Historical Evidence

• Study how the Textus Receptus was actually created
• Learn about the different editions of the TR and their variations
• Discover what the Reformers and Westminster divines actually taught
• Compare Byzantine and Alexandrian manuscripts honestly

Step 4: Consider the Theological Implications

• Does God's preservation require perfection of process or sufficiency of result?
• How does God's providence work in other areas (church, individual sanctification)?
• What is the actual impact of variants on doctrine and practice?

Step 5: Embrace Humble Faith

• Trust that God has preserved His Word sufficiently
• Accept that we can have certainty about Scripture without VPP's theory
• Be willing to examine evidence and revise conclusions

2. For Pastors and Teachers

Teach a Biblical View of Preservation:

"God has providentially preserved His Word through:

• The multiplication of manuscripts in diverse locations
• The faithfulness of copyists who deeply revered Scripture
• The church's recognition of canonical books
• The science of textual comparison that allows us to reconstruct the original

While minor copying errors exist in manuscripts, they:

• Do not affect any major doctrine
• Often identify themselves through comparison
• Demonstrate God's wisdom in preserving multiple copies
• Should strengthen, not weaken, our confidence

We can be certain we have God's Word because:

• No doctrine depends on disputed readings
• The vast majority of the text is undisputed
• Variants actually help us identify the original
• God promised to preserve His truth, and He has"

Address the Fear:

Many in VPP circles are genuinely afraid that acknowledging variants means losing God's Word. Address this pastorally:

"I understand the fear that textual variants create uncertainty. But consider:

• We have more manuscript evidence for Scripture than any other ancient document
• The variants show us what God did preserve—multiple attestations of His truth
• Your faith doesn't rest on a theory of preservation, but on Christ
• Scholars across all traditions (conservative and liberal) agree on 99% of the text
• The 1% in question affects no essential Christian doctrine

You can trust your Bible. You can trust God. You don't need VPP's theory to have confidence in Scripture."

3. For Churches Dealing with VPP Division

Clarify What's Essential:

Primary doctrines (worth dividing over):

• The Trinity
• The deity and humanity of Christ
• Salvation by grace through faith alone
• The authority and inerrancy of Scripture (in autographs)
• The resurrection

Secondary doctrines (worth discussing, not dividing):

• Baptism mode and subjects
• Church government
• End times details
• Preferred Bible translation

Tertiary issues (matters of freedom):

• Specific textual traditions
• Translation philosophy
• Bible version preference (within orthodox translations)

VPP should be a tertiary issue at most. It's a theory about how God preserved Scripture, not about whether He did.

Create Space for Disagreement:

"In our church, we affirm:

• The inspiration and inerrancy of Scripture in the original autographs
• God's providential preservation of His Word
• The authority and sufficiency of Scripture
• The legitimacy of comparing manuscripts to determine original readings

We respect that believers may have different views on:

• Which manuscript family best represents the original
• Which translation philosophy is preferable
• How mechanical or organic God's preservation was

We will not divide over these secondary and tertiary issues. We will study together, pray together, and worship together."

4. For Bible Colleges and Seminaries

Teach Honest Textual Criticism:

Students should learn:

• The actual history of manuscript transmission
• How textual families developed
• Principles of textual criticism
• How to evaluate variants fairly
• The strengths and weaknesses of different textual traditions
• Why variants exist and what they teach us

Avoid Both Extremes:

Don't teach:

• VPP's mechanical perfection theory
• Liberal skepticism about reconstructing the original

Do teach:

• Confidence in God's providential preservation
• Humble scholarship that examines evidence
• The remarkable reliability of the biblical text
• How to handle textual difficulties faithfully

5. For Individual Bible Study

Use Multiple Translations:

Reading multiple good translations helps because:

• Different translations make different textual and translational decisions
• Comparing translations often reveals where variants exist
• It prevents idolatry of any single translation
• It enriches understanding of the original languages

Good translations to use together:

• ESV (essentially literal)
• NASB (very literal)
• CSB (balanced)
• NIV (dynamic)
• KJV (historic, beautiful)

Study Textual Notes:

Many Bibles include footnotes about variants:

• "Some manuscripts read..."
• "The earliest manuscripts do not include..."
• "Other ancient authorities add..."

Don't fear these notes. They demonstrate:

• Translators' honesty
• The wealth of manuscript evidence
• How minor the variants typically are
• God's providence in preservation

Example from ESV:

Mark 16:9-20 includes a note: "Some of the earliest manuscripts do not include 16:9-20."

This is honest scholarship, not attacking the Bible. It allows readers to know:

• There's a textual question here
• Good scholars disagree
• You can examine the evidence yourself
• The doctrine of the resurrection doesn't depend on this passage

C. Building Bridges with VPP Advocates

If you know someone committed to VPP, consider this approach:

1. Find Common Ground

Start with agreement:

• We both believe in biblical inerrancy
• We both believe God preserved His Word
• We both want people to read and trust the Bible
• We both oppose liberal attacks on Scripture
• We both value faithful translation

2. Ask Gentle Questions

Rather than attacking, ask:

• "How do you determine which manuscripts are 'preserved'?"
• "What do you do when different editions of the TR disagree?"
• "How do you explain the biological impossibility in 2 Chronicles 22:2 if we must accept 'forty-two'?"
• "Why do you think God preserved His Word through one manuscript family but not through the church fathers' quotations?"
• "How does acknowledging copyist errors deny God's power any more than acknowledging believers still sin?"

3. Share Your Own Journey

If you once held VPP:

• "I used to believe VPP, and I understand the security it seems to offer."
• "I was afraid that acknowledging variants meant losing certainty."
• "What changed for me was realizing that God's preservation works through the abundance of manuscripts, not the perfection of one tradition."
• "I actually have more confidence in Scripture now because I understand how robustly it's been preserved."

4. Recommend Gracious Resources

Books by evangelical scholars who affirm inerrancy but explain textual issues:

• D.A. Carson, The King James Version Debate
• Daniel Wallace