D.A. Carson, a respected evangelical theologian and New Testament scholar, holds nuanced views on Bible versions, textual criticism, and the nature of Scripture, shaped by his commitment to both academic rigor and evangelical orthodoxy.
1. Bible Translations
Translation Philosophy: Carson advocates for a balanced approach, recognizing the value of both formal equivalence (word-for-word, e.g., ESV) and dynamic equivalence (thought-for-thought, e.g., NIV). He contributed to the NIV translation, emphasizing clarity and accessibility while maintaining fidelity to the original texts.
Purpose-Driven Translations: He argues that different translations serve different purposes—formal equivalence for detailed study, dynamic equivalence for readability and broader audience engagement. He critiques rigid adherence to a single translation method, stressing the need for transparency about translation choices.
2. Textual Criticism
Affirmation of Reliability: Carson affirms the reliability of the New Testament text, noting that the vast majority of textual variants are minor and do not affect core Christian doctrines. He emphasizes that textual criticism is a tool to recover the original text, not a threat to scriptural authority.
Engagement with Disputed Passages: He addresses passages like the Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53–8:11) and the longer ending of Mark (16:9–20), arguing that textual criticism responsibly identifies later additions while maintaining confidence in the canonical text’s overall integrity. He supports modern critical texts (e.g., NA/UBS editions) over the Textus Receptus, critiquing the King James Only movement as historically untenable.
3. The Word of God
Authority and Inerrancy: Carson upholds the inerrancy of Scripture in its original manuscripts, distinguishing between the autographs (inerrant) and copies (reliable but containing minor errors). He maintains that current translations sufficiently convey God’s Word for doctrine and practice.
Dual Authorship: He emphasizes the Bible’s dual authorship—both human and divine—requiring careful historical-grammatical exegesis while affirming its divine authority. Scripture’s inspiration means it is fully trustworthy for teaching, rebuke, and training (2 Tim. 3:16).
Hermeneutics and Application: Carson stresses the importance of contextual interpretation and the role of the Holy Spirit in applying Scripture. He warns against subjective readings, advocating for a hermeneutic that respects the Bible’s historical particularity and theological unity.
4. Critique of Misconceptions
Anti-KJV-Only Stance: Carson critiques the King James Only movement, arguing it ignores advances in textual criticism and manuscript discoveries (e.g., older manuscripts like Codex Sinaiticus).
Rejection of Skepticism: While acknowledging textual complexities, he rejects skepticism about the New Testament’s reliability, pointing to the wealth of manuscript evidence and scholarly consensus on key readings.
Summary
Carson’s approach integrates scholarly rigor with evangelical conviction: he champions textual criticism as a means to refine our understanding of Scripture, supports diverse translation methodologies for effective communication, and unwaveringly affirms the Bible’s status as the inspired, authoritative Word of God. His work bridges academic scholarship and pastoral concern, ensuring that the Bible remains both intellectually credible and spiritually transformative.
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